The little apocalypse of Mark 13 – historical or creative prophecy?
by Neil Godfrey
The “little apocalypse” or “Olivet prophecy” of Mark 13, Matthew 24 and Luke 21 is often cited as a key passage for dating the gospels. The idea is to match the events described in this passage with what seems to be the best fit historically.Others have questioned whether we are right to attempt to match the specific events listed (wars, famines, etc) to historical occurrences at all. See, for example, eklektekuria’s comment on another post here.
Picking up from that latter thought I have listed below the OT quotations, allusions and influences on Mark 13 as analyzed by Howard Clark Kee in his chapter titled The Function of Scriptural Quotations and Allusions in Mark 11-16 (1975).
Red are the quotations
Purple are the allusions
Blue are the influences
I also think it is very significant that a common literary trope in epics and novels was to precede a climactic scene involving a hero’s contact with death with a detailed point by point divine prophecy. This was the case with Odysseus just prior to a crisis in which he was to lose his entire crew before reaching his final destination (one comparative summary of this here). Sibyl likewise delivered a step by step prophecy to Aeneas before he descended into Hades. Hellenistic romances (popular novellas such as the story of Jason and the Argo) often included the same. (Would give more examples from the turn of the century era but I’m away from my library at the moment.)
Question: If this passage that obviously refers to the historical destruction of Jerusalem is nested so profusely in literary allusion and with scant attention to anything necessarily drawn from historical memory, would not such a “literary fabrication” suggest a date of composition that is long after the event, when personal historical memories were no longer?
Another question, and one implied by Kee: The extent of literary allusion in this passage is comparable to the OT allusions that make up the Passion Narrative and the preceding chapters 11-12. This would argue for this whole section, 11-16, being the creative work of the one mind. Is it not special pleading to suggest that the literary allusions in Mark 13 are evidence of a separate composition that was squeezed in to the gospel with some minor editing here and there?
Mark 13
[1] And as he went out of the temple, one of his disciples saith unto him, Master, see what manner of stones and what buildings are here![2] And Jesus answering said unto him, Seest thou these great buildings? there shall not be left one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down.
Micah 3:12
Zion shall be ploughed like a field, Jerusalem shall become heaps of
ruins, and the mountain of the temple like the bare hills of the forest.
Jeremiah 26:6, 18 And I will make this house like Shiloh, and will make this city a curse to all the nations of the earth. . . . Zion
shall be ploughed like a field, Jerusalem shall become heaps of ruins,
and the mountain of the temple like the bare hills of the forest.
[3] And as he sat upon the mount of Olives over against the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately,[4] Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign when all these things shall be fulfilled?
Daniel 12:7 (LXX) And
one said to the man clothed in linen, who was over the water of the
river, When will be the end of the wonders which thou has mentioned?
Daniel 12:6; 8:19
And one said to the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of
the river, “How long shall the fulfilment of these wonders be?” . . . .
And he said, “Look, I am making known to you what shall happen in the
latter time of the indignation: for at the appointed time the end shall
be.”
Daniel 12:8 (LXX) Although I heard, I did not understand. Then I said, “My lord, what shall be the end of these things?”
[5] And Jesus answering them began to say, Take heed lest any man deceive you:[6] For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many.
Isaiah 45:18 (LXX) Thus saith the Lord that made the heaven, this God that created the earth, . . . I am the Lord, and there is none beside.
Daniel 7:8, 11, 20, 25
. . . and, behold, there were eyes as the eyes of a man in this horn,
and a mouth speaking great things. . . . I beheld then because of the
voice of the great words which that horn spoke . . . . and concerning it
ten horns that were in its head, and the other that came up, and rooted
up some of the former, which had eyes, and a mouth speaking great
things, and his look was bolder than the rest. . . . And he shall speak
words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the Most
High . . . .
Isaiah 14:13
But thou saidst in thine heart, I will go up to heaven, I will set my
throne above the stars of heaven: I will sit on a lofty mount, on the
lofty mountains toward the north
Daniel 8:10; 11:36
. . . and it magnified itself to the host of heaven; and there fell to
the earth some of the host of heaven and of the stars, and they trampled
on them . . . And he shall do according to his will, and the king shall
exalt and magnify himself against every god, and shall speak great
swelling words, and shall prosper until the indignation shall be
accomplished: for it is coming to an end.
[7] And
when ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars, be ye not troubled: for
such things must needs be; but the end shall not be yet.
Daniel 11 11:1-45
1QM The War Scroll
Daniel 2:29, 45 (LXX Th)
O king: thy thoughts upon thy bed arose as to what must come to pass
hereafter: and he that reveals mysteries has made known to thee what
must come to pass. . . . the great God has made known to the king what
must happen hereafter
Daniel 2:28, 29 (LXX), 30, 45
But there is a God in heaven revealing mysteries, and he has made known
to king Nabuchodonosor what things must come to pass in the last days.
Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are as follows, O
king: thy thoughts upon thy bed arose as to what must come to pass
hereafter: and he that reveals mysteries has made known to thee what
must come to pass. Moreover, this mystery has not been revealed to me by
reason of wisdom which is in me beyond all others living, but for the
sake of making known the interpretation to the king, that thou mightest
know the thoughts of thine heart. . . . the great God has made known to
the king what must happen hereafter: and the dream is true, and the
interpretation thereof sure.
Compare the language of eschatological mystery in Daniel 9:26; 11:27 (LXX) And
after the sixty-two weeks, the anointed one shall be destroyed, and
there is no judgment in him: and he shall destroy the city and the
sanctuary with the prince that is coming: they shall be cut off with a
flood, and to the end of the war which is rapidly completed he shall
appoint the city to desolations. . . . . And as for both the kings,
their hearts are set upon mischief, and they shall speak lies at one
table; but it shall not prosper; for yet the end is for a fixed time.
[8] For
nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and
there shall be earthquakes in divers places, and there shall be famines
and troubles: these are the beginnings of sorrows.
Isaiah 19:2
I will set Egyptians against Egyptians; everyone will fight against his
brother, and everyone against his neighbour, city against city, kingdom
against kingdom.
2 Chronicles 15:6 So nation was destroyed by nation, and city by city, for God troubled them with every adversity.
Daniel 11:25; 2:40
And his strength and his heart shall be stirred up against the king of
the south with a great force; and the king of the south shall engage in
war with a great and very strong force; but his forces shall not stand,
for they shall devise plans against him . . . . and a fourth kingdom,
which shall be strong as iron: as iron beats to powder and subdues all
things, so shall it beat to powder and subdue.
Sibylline Oracles 3:635
Woe, woe to thee, O Crete! To thee shall come A very painful stroke,
and terribly Shall the Eternal sack thee; and again Shall every land
behold thee black with smoke, Fire ne’er shall leave thee, but thou
shalt be burned. (See the context for similar, here.)
4 Ezra 13:31
And one shall undertake to fight against another, one city against
another, one place against another, one people against another, and one
realm against another.
First Enoch 99:4 (Typo for 97:5? In those days the nations shall be overthrown) See the text here.
2 Baruch 27:7; 70:3-8 (27:6 And in the fifth part famine and the withholding of rain.)
And in the sixth part earthquakes and terrors . . . . And they shall
hate one another, And provoke one another to fight, And the mean shall
rule over the honorable, And those of low degree shall be extolled above
the famous. And the many shall be delivered into the hands of the few,
And those who were nothing shall rule over the strong, And the poor
shall have abundance beyond the rich, And the impious shall exalt
themselves above the heroic. And the wise shall be silent, And the
foolish shall speak, Neither shall the thought of men be then confirmed,
Nor the counsel of the mighty, Nor shall the hope of those who hope be
confirmed. And when those things which were predicted have come to pass,
Then shall confusion fall upon all men, And some of them shall fall in
battle, And some of them shall perish in anguish, And some of them
shall be destroyed by their own. Then the Most High peoples whom He has
prepared before, And they shall come and make war with the leaders that
shall then be left. And it shall come to pass that whoever gets safe out
of the war shall die in the earthquake, And whoever gets safe out of
the earthquake shall be burned by the fire, And whoever gets safe out of
the fire shall be destroyed by famine.
Isaiah 7:21(?); 13:13; 14:30; 19:22
Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of
her place, in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of his
fierce anger. . . . . And the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the
needy shall lie down in safety: and I will kill thy root with famine,
and he shall slay thy remnant. . . . . And the LORD shall smite Egypt:
he shall smite and heal it: . . . .
Jeremiah 23:19
Behold, a whirlwind of the LORD is gone forth in fury, even a grievous
whirlwind: it shall fall grievously upon the head of the wicked.
Ezra 5:12
But after that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven unto wrath,
he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, the
Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the people away into
Babylon.
Haggai 2:6
For thus saith the LORD of hosts; Yet once, it [is] a little while, and
I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry
[land];
Zechariah 14:4
And his feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives, which
[is] before Jerusalem on the east, and the mount of Olives shall cleave
in the midst thereof toward the east and toward the west, [and there
shall be] a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall remove
toward the north, and half of it toward the south.
[9] But
take heed to yourselves: for they shall deliver you up to councils; and
in the synagogues ye shall be beaten: and ye shall be brought before
rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them.
Daniel 7:25 And he shall speak words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the Most High
[10] And the gospel must first be published among all nations.
Zechariah 2:10; 14:16
Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion! For behold I am coming and I will
dwell in your midst, says the Lord. . . . . And it shall come to pass
that everyone who is left of all the nations which came against
Jerusalem shall go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of
hosts, and to keep the Feast of Tabernacles.
[11] But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no
thought beforehand what ye shall speak, neither do ye premeditate: but whatsoever shall be given you in that hour, that speak ye: for it is not ye that speak, but the Holy Ghost.
Exodus 4:1
And Moses answered and said, But, behold, they will not believe me, nor
hearken unto my voice: for they will say, The LORD hath not appeared
unto thee.
Numbers 22:35
And the angel of the LORD said unto Balaam, Go with the men: but only
the word that I shall speak unto thee, that thou shalt speak.
Jeremiah 1:9 Then the LORD put forth his hand, and touched my mouth. And the LORD said unto me, Behold, I have put my words in thy mouth.
[12] Now the brother shall betray the brother to death, and the father the son; and children shall rise up against their parents, and shall cause them to be put to death.
Micah 7:2, 6 (Targ)
The good [man] is perished out of the earth: and [there is] none
upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood; they hunt every man
his brother with a net. . . . For the son dishonoureth the father, the
daughter riseth up against her mother, the daughter in law against her
mother in law; a man’s enemies [are] the men of his own house.
[13] And ye shall be hated of all men for my name’s sake: but he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved.
Daniel 11:32
And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by
flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and
do exploits.
4 Ezra 5:9; 6:25
And salt waters shall be found in the sweet, and all friends shall
conquer one another; then shall reason hide itself, and wisdom shall
withdraw into its chamber, . . . . And it shall be that whoever remains
after all that I have foretold to you shall himself be saved and shall
see my salvation and the end of my world.
Jubilees 23:19
And they shall strive one with another, the young with the old, and the
old with the young, the poor with the rich, the lowly with the great,
and the beggar with the prince, on account of the law and the covenant;
for they have forgotten commandment, and covenant, and feasts, and
months, and Sabbaths, and jubilees, and all judgments.
2 Baruch 70:3 And they shall hate one another, and provoke one another to fight . . .
See Daniel 11 and 12
[14] But
when ye shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel
the prophet, standing where it ought not, (let him that readeth
understand,) then let them that be in Judaea flee to the mountains:
Daniel 9:27; 11:31; 12:11
. . . and in the midst of the week my sacrifice and drink-offering
shall be taken away: and on the temple shall be the abomination of
desolations; and at the end of time an end shall be put to the
desolation. . . . And seeds shall spring up out of him, and they shall
profane the sanctuary of strength, and they shall remove the perpetual
sacrifice, and make the abomination desolate. . . . And from the time of
the removal of the perpetual sacrifice, when the abomination of
desolation shall be set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred and
ninety days.
1 Maccabees 1:54
Now the fifteenth day of the month Casleu, in the hundred forty and
fifth year, they set up the abomination of desolation upon the altar,
and builded idol altars throughout the cities of Juda on every side
Genesis 19:17
And it came to pass when they brought them out, that they said, Save
thine own life by all means; look not round to that which is behind, nor
stay in all the country round about, escape to the mountain, lest
perhaps thou be overtaken together with them.
[15] And let him that is on the housetop not go down into the house, neither enter therein, to take any thing out of his house:[16] And let him that is in the field not turn back again for to take up his garment.
[17] But woe to them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days!
4 Ezra 6:21
Infants a year old shall speak with their voices, and women with child
shall give birth to premature children at three and four months, and
these shall live and dance.
[18] And pray ye that your flight be not in the winter.[19] For in those days shall be affliction, such as was not from the beginning of the creation which God created unto this time, neither shall be.
Daniel 12:1 (LXX-Th)
And at that time Michael the great prince shall stand up, that stands
over the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of
tribulation, such tribulation as has not been from the time that there
was a nation on the earth until that time: at that time thy people shall
be delivered, even every one that is written in the book.
Joel 2:2-3 for
a day of darkness and gloominess is near, a day of cloud and mist: a
numerous and strong people shall be spread upon the mountains as the
morning; there has not been from the beginning one like it, and after it
there shall not be again even to the years of many generations. Before
them is a consuming fire, and behind them is a flame kindled: the land
before them is as a paradise of delight, and behind them a desolate
plain: and there shall none of them escape.
First Enoch 38:2; 39:6
When righteousness shall be manifested in the presence of the righteous
themselves, who will be elected for their good works duly weighed by
the Lord of spirits; and when the light of the righteous and the elect,
who dwell on earth, shall be manifested; where will the habitation of
sinners be? And where the place of rest for those who have rejected the
Lord of spirits? It would have been better for them, had they never been
born. . . . Countless shall be the number of the holy and the elect, in
the presence of God for ever and for ever.
[20] And except that the Lord had shortened those days, no flesh should be saved: but for the elect’s sake, whom he hath chosen, he hath shortened the days.
Daniel 12:6-7
And one said to the man clothed in linen, who was over the water of the
river, When will be the end of the wonders which thou has mentioned?
And I heard the man clothed in linen, who was over the water of the
river, and he lifted up his right hand and his left hand to heaven, and
sware by him that lives for ever, that it should be for a time of times
and half a time: when the dispersion is ended they shall know all these
things.
First Enoch 80:2
Then I looked on all which was written, and understood all, reading the
book and everything written in it, all the works of man;
4 Ezra 4:26
He answered me and said, “If you are alive, you will see, and if you
live long, you will often marvel, because the age is hastening swiftly
to its end.
2 Baruch 20:1
Therefore, behold! the days come, And the times shall hasten more than
the former, And the seasons shall speed on more than those that are
past, And the years shall pass more quickly than the present (years).
[21] And then if any man shall say to you, Lo, here is Christ; or, lo, he is there; believe him not:[22] For false Christs and false prophets shall rise, and shall shew signs and wonders, to seduce, if it were possible, even the elect.
Deuteronomy 13:1-3 (LXX)
And if there arise within thee a prophet, or one who dreams a dream,
and he gives thee a sign or a wonder, and the sign or the wonder come to
pass which he spoke to thee, saying, Let us go and serve other gods,
which ye know not; ye shall not hearken to the words of that prophet, or
the dreamer of that dream, because the Lord thy God tries you, to know
whether ye love your God with all your heart and with all your soul.
Linked verbally with Daniel 11:36-45
And he shall do according to his will, and the king shall exalt and
magnify himself against every god, and shall speak great swelling words,
and shall prosper until the indignation shall be accomplished: for it
is coming to an end. And he shall not regard any gods of his fathers,
nor the desire of women, neither shall he regard any deity: for he shall
magnify himself above all. And he shall honour the god of forces on his
place: and a god whom his fathers knew not he shall honour with gold,
and silver, and precious stones, and desirable things. And he shall do
thus in the strong places of refuge with a strange god, and shall
increase his glory: and he shall subject many to them, and shall
distribute the land in gifts. And at the end of the time he shall
conflict with the king of the south: and the king of the north shall
come against him with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships;
and they shall enter into the land: and he shall break in pieces, and
pass on: and he shall enter into the land of beauty, and many shall
fail: but these shall escape out of his hand, Edom, and Moab, and the
chief of the children of Ammon. And he shall stretch forth his hand over
the land; and the land of Egypt shall not escape. And he shall have the
mastery over the secret treasures of gold and silver, and over all the
desirable possessions of Egypt, and of the Libyans and Ethiopians in
their strongholds. But rumors and anxieties out of the east and from the
north shall trouble him; and he shall come with great wrath to destroy
many. 45 And he shall pitch the tabernacle of his palace between the
seas in the holy mountain of beauty: but he shall come to his portion,
and there is none to deliver him.
Daniel 4:2-3 (LXX)
I saw a vision, and it terrified me, and I was troubled on my bed, and
the visions of my head troubled me. And I made a decree to bring in
before me all the wise men of Babylon, that they might make known to me
the interpretation of the dream.
[23] But take ye heed: behold, I have foretold you all things.[24] But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light,
Isaiah 13:10; 34:4
For the stars of heaven, and Orion, and all the host of heaven, shall
not give their light; and it shall be dark at sunrise, and the moon
shall not give her light. . . . And all the powers of the heavens shall
melt, and the sky shall be rolled up like a scroll: and all the stars
shall fall like leaves from a vine, and as leaves fall from a fig-tree.
Ezekiel 32:7, 8
And I will veil the heavens when thou art extinguished, and will darken
the stars thereof; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon
shall not give her light. All the bodies that give light in the sky,
shall be darkened over thee, and I will bring darkness upon the earth,
saith the Lord God.
Joel 2:10, 31; 3:15
Before them the earth shall be confounded, and the sky shall be shaken:
the sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw
their light. . . . The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon
into blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord come. . . .
The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw
their light.
4 Ezra 5:4
But if the Most High grants that you live, you shall see it thrown into
confusion after the third period; and the sun shall suddenly shine
forth at night, and the moon during the day.
Ascension of Moses 10:5
And the horns of the sun shall be broken and he shall be turned into
darkness; And the moon shall not give her light, and be turned wholly
into blood. And the circle of the stars shall be disturbed.
[25] And the stars of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken.
Isaiah 34:4
And all the powers of the heavens shall melt, and the sky shall be
rolled up like a scroll: and all the stars shall fall like leaves from a
vine, and as leaves fall from a fig-tree.
[26] And then shall they see the Son of man coming in the clouds with great power and glory.
Daniel 7:13-14
I beheld in the night vision, and, lo, one coming with the clouds of
heaven as the Son of man, and he came on to the Ancient of days, and was
brought near to him. And to him was given the dominion, and the
honour, and the kingdom; and all nations, tribes, and languages, shall
serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass
away, and his kingdom shall not be destroyed.
Isaiah 19:1
Behold, the Lord sits on a swift cloud, and shall come to Egypt: and
the idols of Egypt shall be moved at his presence, and their heart shall
faint within them.
[27] And
then shall he send his angels, and shall gather together his elect from
the four winds, from the uttermost part of the earth to the uttermost
part of heaven.
Zechariah 2:6, 10;
Ho, ho, flee from the land of the north, saith the Lord: for I will
gather you from the four winds of heaven, saith the Lord, . . . .
Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Sion: for, behold, I come, and will
dwell in the midst of thee, saith the Lord.
Isaiah 27:13
And it shall come to pass in that day that they shall blow the great
trumpet, and the lost ones in the land of the Assyrians shall come, and
the lost ones in Egypt, and shall worship the Lord on the holy mountain
in Jerusalem.
Deuteronomy 30:4
If thy dispersion be from one end of heaven to the other, thence will
the Lord thy God gather thee, and thence will the Lord thy God take
thee.
Zechariah 14:5
And the valley of my mountains shall be closed up, and the valley of
the mountains shall be joined on to Jasod, and shall be blocked up as it
was blocked up in the days of the earthquake, in the days of Ozias king
of Juda; and the Lord my God shall come, and all the saints with him.
Isaiah 27:12; 11:10
And it shall come to pass in that day that God shall fence men off from
the channel of the river as far as Rhinocorura; but do ye gather one by
one the children of Israel. . . . And in that day there shall be a root
of Jesse, and he that shall arise to rule over the Gentiles; in him
shall the Gentiles trust, and his rest shall be glorious.
Ezekiel 32:9f; 39:27
And I will provoke to anger the heart of many people, when I shall lead
thee captive among the nations, to a land which thou hast not known.
And many nations shall mourn over thee, and their kings shall be utterly
amazed, when my sword flies in their faces, as they wait for their own
fall from the day of thy fall. . . . . Yet there shall be none to
terrify them when I have brought them back from the nations, and
gathered them out of the countries of the nations: and I will be
sanctified among them in the presence of the nations.
Psalm 106:47 (105 in LXX) Save us, O Lord our God, and gather us from among the heathen . . .
Psalm 147:2 The Lord builds up Jerusalem; and he will gather together the dispersed of Israel.
[28] Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When her branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is near:
Daniel 12:8 (LXX only) And I heard, but I understood not: and I said, O Lord, what will be the end of these things?
Cf Mark 11:13 And
seeing a fig tree afar off having leaves, he came, if haply he might
find any thing thereon: and when he came to it, he found nothing but
leaves; for the time of figs was not yet.
[29] So ye in like manner, when ye shall see these things come to pass, know that it is nigh, even at the doors.
Zephaniah 1:7, 14
Fear ye before the Lord God; for the day of the Lord is near; for the
Lord has prepared his sacrifice, and has sanctified his guests. . . .
For the great day of the Lord is near, it is near, and very speedy; the
sound of the day of the Lord is made bitter and harsh.
[30] Verily I say unto you, that this generation shall not pass, till all these things be done.
Daniel 12:7 (LXX)
And I heard the man clothed in linen, who was over the water of the
river, and he lifted up his right hand and his left hand to heaven, and
sware by him that lives for ever, that it should be for a time of times
and half a time: when the dispersion is ended they shall know all these
things.
[31] Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.
Isaiah 51:6
Lift up your eyes to the sky, and look on the earth beneath: for the
sky was darkened like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment,
and the inhabitants shall die in like manner: but my righteousness
shall not fail.
Daniel 12:7
And I heard the man clothed in linen, who was over the water of the
river, and he lifted up his right hand and his left hand to heaven, and
sware by him that lives for ever, that it should be for a time of times
and half a time: when the dispersion is ended they shall know all these
things.
Ezekiel 31:1ff
To whom hast thou compared thyself in thy haughtiness? Behold, the
Assyrian was a cypress in Libanus, and was fair in shoots, and high in
stature: his top reached to the midst of the clouds. The water
nourished him, the depth made him grow tall; she led her rivers round
about his plants, and she sent forth her streams to all the trees of the
field. Therefore was his stature exalted above all the trees of the
field, and his branches spread far by the help of much water. All the
birds of the sky made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches
all the wild beasts of the field bred; the whole multitude of nations
dwelt under his shadow. . . . Therefore thus saith the Lord; Because
thou art grown great, and hast set thy top in the midst of the clouds,
and I saw when he was exalted; Therefore I delivered him into the hands
of the prince of the nations, and he wrought his destruction. And
ravaging strangers from the nations have destroyed him, and have cast
him down upon the mountains: his branches fell in all the valleys, and
his boughs were broken in every field of the land; and all the people of
the nations are gone down from their shelter, and have laid him low.
Amos 5:18ff
Woe to you that desire the day of the Lord! what is this day of the
Lord to you? whereas it is darkness, and not light. As if a man should
flee from the face of a lion, and a bear should meet him; and he should
spring into his house, and lean his hands upon the wall, and a serpent
should bite him. Is not the day of the Lord darkness, and not light? and
is not this day gloom without brightness?
Isaiah 2:12
For the day of the Lord of hosts shall be upon every one that is proud
and haughty, and upon every one that is high and towering, and they
shall be brought down
Zephaniah 1:7
Fear ye before the Lord God; for the day of the Lord is near; for the
Lord has prepared his sacrifice, and has sanctified his guests.
Zechariah 14:1 Behold, the days of the Lord come
[32] But of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father.
Daniel 12:13
But go thou, and rest; for there are yet days and seasons to the
fulfillment of the end; and thou shalt stand in thy lot at the end of
the days.
cf. in Daniel 2:28, 45; 10:14; 11:20, where in LXX εσχατα των ημερων is used
But there is a God in heaven revealing mysteries, and he has made known
to king Nabuchodonosor what things must come to pass in the last days. .
. . the great God has made known to the king what must happen hereafter
. . . . and I have come to inform thee of all that shall befall thy
people in the last days: for the vision is yet for many days. . . . and
yet in those days shall he be broken
Zechariah 14:7
But it shall be one day which shall be known to the LORD, not day, nor
night: but it shall come to pass, that at evening time it shall be
light.
Psalm of Solomon 17:23 (=21 in LXX)
Behold, O Lord, and raise up unto them their king, the son of David, At
the time in the which Thou seest, O God, that he may reign over Israel
Thy servant
[33] Take ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is.[34] For the Son of man is as a man taking a far journey, who left his house, and gave authority to his servants, and to every man his work, and commanded the porter to watch.
[35] Watch ye therefore: for ye know not when the master of the house cometh, at even, or at midnight, or at the cockcrowing, or in the morning:
[36] Lest coming suddenly he find you sleeping.
[37] And what I say unto you I say unto all, Watch.
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http://vridar.org/2008/08/27/the-little-apocalypse-of-mark-13-historical-or-creative-literature/
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